眾所周知，成人期肥胖癥容易引起高血壓，冠心病，糖尿病，脂肪肝及膽結(jié)石等各種危害。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，成年期肥胖的人常常在兒童期超重或肥胖，而兒童早期和兒童期的正常體重和體重增長(zhǎng)速率和成人期肥胖癥的低發(fā)生率相關(guān)。今年1月份發(fā)表于美國(guó)兒科學(xué)會(huì)出版的《PEDIATRICS》期刊上的研究更是明確發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童早期和青少年時(shí)期是避免成人期肥胖癥的“關(guān)鍵窗口”。
Adults who are obese are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, and sleep apnea. Earlier studies found obese adults are often overweight and obese during childhood. Healthy early childhood body weight and weight gain often link with lower adult obesity rates. A new study published on January Pediatrics suggests there are two "critical windows" to change to path to weight gain and avoid obesity.
這項(xiàng)研究追溯了超過(guò)2700個(gè)芬蘭成年人31年的身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)（BMI），時(shí)間跨度從兒童期（3-18歲）到成人期 （34-49歲）。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，成人期肥胖的人與不肥胖的人相比，他們6歲之前BMI值就已經(jīng)偏高，每年的BMI波動(dòng)變化相對(duì)較大。研究者同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童期肥胖和超重的人群中有一部分人在成人期體重正常，他們的BMI數(shù)值分別從女孩的16歲和男孩的21歲開(kāi)始維持穩(wěn)定的平臺(tái)期。但是在兒童期肥胖和超重的另一部分人的BMI數(shù)值持續(xù)上升直到女性的25歲和男性的27歲，這部分人在成年期持續(xù)肥胖。
This research analysed the body mass index (BMI) trajectories of more than 2700 participants in Finland from their childhood to adulthood. It is found that compared to people who will avoid adult obesity, people who develop obesity as an adult had a higher BMI already at age 6 and had more yearly change in BMI in childhood. In overweight or obese children who managed to become non-obese adults, researchers found that BMI levels started to plateau from 16 years for females and 21 years for males, whereas BMI kept increasing until age 25 (for males) and 27 (for females) for overweight or obese children who persisted with obesity into adulthood.
無(wú)獨(dú)有偶，另一個(gè)發(fā)表在美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)《Circulation》期刊上的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了BMI增長(zhǎng)軌跡和成人期肥胖的關(guān)系。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，成人期肥胖者在兒童期的BMI高于同齡人；在17歲時(shí)BMI數(shù)值的增長(zhǎng)速率和成人期肥胖的關(guān)聯(lián)度最高。
This finding is consistent with earlier studies published in Circulation that identified the link between the early-life BMI trajectories and adult obesity. Data has shown that people who became obese as adults tended to have higher BMI than their peers during childhood. The biggest association between BMI growth and adult obesity is at 17 years old.
從這兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童早期是預(yù)防未來(lái)成人期肥胖的重要“關(guān)鍵窗口”。在6歲以前，就要著重于努力保持正常的BMI軌跡并且做到每年正常的波動(dòng)變化。第二個(gè)解決成年肥胖問(wèn)題的“關(guān)鍵窗口”開(kāi)始于青春期和成人早期。如果之前存在有超重或肥胖的問(wèn)題， 那么在青春期的16歲（女生）和21歲（男生）開(kāi)始能做到BMI穩(wěn)定，那么有希望在成人期遠(yuǎn)離肥胖的困擾。 反之，如果繼續(xù)BMI持續(xù)上升到25歲（女生）和27歲（男生），則很有可能發(fā)生成人期肥胖癥。
These findings suggest that early childhood is a key period for preventing obesity later on. Great efforts should be made to achieve a healthy BMI by age 6 and to maintain a healthy BMI gain throughout childhood. A second "critical window" to correct adverse BMI trajectories begins in adolescence for females and early adulthood for males. If BMI levels started to stabilize from 16 years for females and 21 years for males, while BMI kept increasing until age 25 (for males) and 27 (for females) for overweight or obese children who persisted with obesity into adulthood.
總而言之，預(yù)防肥胖，我們得從娃娃抓起。6歲前是第一個(gè)關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)，青春期和成人早期是第二個(gè)關(guān)鍵窗口期。
附錄：BMI的計(jì)算和兒童肥胖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)（BMI）是在 ≥ 2歲的兒童中評(píng)價(jià)超重及肥胖的公認(rèn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指標(biāo)。 計(jì)算公式是BMI = 體重（kg）/ 身高(m)2
下面附錄了WHO制定的按年齡性別的BMI生長(zhǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖
以下定義用于對(duì)2-20歲兒童的體重狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)：
● 體重低下–按年齡和性別劃分，BMI < 第5百分位數(shù)
● 體重正常–按年齡和性別劃分，BMI位于第5和第85百分位數(shù)之間
● 超重–按年齡和性別劃分，BMI位于第85和第95百分位數(shù)之間
● 肥胖–按年齡和性別劃分，BMI≥第95百分位數(shù)
● 重度肥胖–BMI≥第95百分位數(shù)的120%，或者BMI≥35 kg/m2